Panax Ginseng (Koreanischer Ginseng)
Panax Ginseng wird häufig als \Koreanischer Ginseng\ bezeichnet. Er scheint effektiv für Stimmung, Immunität und Kognition zu sein, ist jedoch für Erektionsfunktion, Testosteron und sportliche Leistung unterlegen.
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Letztes Update:28. November 2025
Übersicht
Überblick
Was ist Panax Ginseng (Koreanischer Ginseng)?
Panax ginseng (Koreanischer Ginseng) ist eine krautige Pflanze, die in der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin für eine Vielzahl von präventiven Zwecken verwendet wird. Sie gehört zur Familie der Araliaceae und ist die am weitesten verbreitete Art innerhalb der Gattung Panax für medizinische Zwecke. Die Wurzeln der Pflanze, die typischerweise im frühen Herbst von reifen Exemplaren, die mindestens 4 Jahre alt sind, geerntet werden, sind die primäre Quelle für bioaktive Verbindungen und werden normalerweise in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln verwendet.
Obwohl 13 identifizierte Ginseng-Arten existieren, sind die beiden am häufigsten in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln und der Lebensmittelindustrie vorkommenden Panax ginseng, der in China und Korea angebaut wird, und Panax quinquefolius (amerikanischer Ginseng), der in Regionen der Vereinigten Staaten und Kanadas angebaut wird. Panax ginseng Ergänzungen werden häufig verwendet, um die Stimmung, Kognition und Immunfunktion zu verbessern. Ginseng wird auch als Zutat in Lebensmitteln und essbaren Produkten (z. B. Kaugummis, Süßigkeiten und Kaffee) verwendet.
Es ist wichtig, echten Panax ginseng von anderen pflanzlichen Produkten zu unterscheiden, die unter dem Namen Ginseng vermarktet werden. Besonders hervorzuheben sind sibirischer Ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus, auch als Eleuthero bekannt), brasilianischer Ginseng (Pfaffia paniculata) und indischer Ginseng (Ashwagandha), die unter den kommerziell erhältlichen Alternativen zu finden sind und nicht aus der Gattung Panax stammen. Obwohl sie ähnliche Namen tragen, enthalten sie nicht die gleichen bioaktiven Verbindungen und haben daher völlig unterschiedliche Wirkungsmechanismen und Effekte.
Was sind die Vorteile von Panax Ginseng (Koreanischer Ginseng)?
Hauptvorteile: Die Forschung zu den Auswirkungen von Panax-Ginseng auf Stimmung und Kognition liefert gemischte Ergebnisse. Eine Studie ergab, dass Panax-Ginseng eine dosisabhängige beruhigende Wirkung auf die Stimmung haben kann\, aber nachfolgende Untersuchungen konnten diese Ergebnisse nicht reproduzieren. Darüber hinaus zeigte die Supplementierung mit Panax-Ginseng anfängliche Verbesserungen der psychischen Gesundheit nach 4 Wochen\, aber dieser Effekt ließ bis zum Ende der 8-wöchigen Interventionsperiode nach. Insgesamt deutet die Evidenz darauf hin\, dass die Auswirkungen von Panax-Ginseng auf die Stimmung kurzfristig sein können\, die zwischen 1 und 4 Wochen anhalten\, bevor sie abnehmen. Ähnlich bleiben die potenziellen kognitiven Vorteile von Panax-Ginseng aufgrund von Variationen in den Studiendesign und inkonsistenten Ergebnissen unklar. Während einige Studien Verbesserungen der Reaktionszeit und Genauigkeit bei der Supplementierung mit Panax-Ginseng berichteten\, gelang es anderen nicht\, signifikante kognitive Verbesserungen nachzuweisen. Daher ist weitere Forschung erforderlich\, um diese Effekte zu validieren und die Mechanismen zu klären\, die den Einfluss von Panax-Ginseng auf die Kognition zugrunde liegen. Darüber hinaus scheinen Extrakte von Panax-Ginseng immunmodulatorische Eigenschaften zu haben und die Häufigkeit von Grippefällen bei Menschen zu reduzieren\, wenn sie zusammen mit einer Grippeimpfung eingenommen werden.
Was sind die Nachteile von Panax Ginseng (Koreanischer Ginseng)?
Die Hauptnachteile: Panax-Ginseng-Ergänzungen gelten allgemein als sicher. Eine systematische Überprüfung zur Sicherheit der Ginseng-Verwendung beim Menschen berichtete von einer niedrigen Schadensinzidenz, wobei die Nebenwirkungen hauptsächlich mit gastrointestinalen Symptomen wie Durchfall, Übelkeit, Erbrechen und Krämpfen verbunden waren.[1][2]
Allerdings können hohe Dosen und eine langfristige Anwendung zur Entwicklung des sogenannten „Ginseng-Missbrauchssyndroms“ führen, das durch Symptome wie Bluthochdruck, Nervosität, Schlaflosigkeit, Durchfall und Hautausschläge gekennzeichnet ist, wenn täglich 3 Gramm Panax-Ginseng eingenommen werden. Höhere Dosierungen (15 Gramm pro Tag oder mehr) wurden ebenfalls mit Depersonalisation, Verwirrung und Depression in Verbindung gebracht.[3][4][5]
Darüber hinaus zeigt Panax-Ginseng milde hemmende Wirkungen auf einige Enzyme der CYP450-Familie, wie CYP1A2, CYP2C9 und CYP3A4, die am Metabolismus bestimmter Medikamente beteiligt sind. Diese Wechselwirkung scheint von geringer Bedeutung zu sein und ist wahrscheinlich klinisch nicht relevant.[6]
Wie funktioniert Panax Ginseng (Koreanischer Ginseng)?
Panax ginseng enthält verschiedene bioaktive Komponenten, wobei Ginsenoside die Hauptbestandteile sind, die für seine pharmakologischen Vorteile verantwortlich sind. Die Typen von Ginsenosiden im Pflanzenextrakt und deren Konzentration können je nach Extraktions- und Zubereitungsverfahren variieren. Andere aktive Inhaltsstoffe, die in Panax ginseng gefunden werden, umfassen Polysaccharide, Peptide, Phytosterole, Polyacetylen, polyacetylenische Alkohole und Fettsäuren, die zu seinen insgesamt therapeutischen Eigenschaften beitragen. Die pharmakologischen Effekte von Panax ginseng werden größtenteils auf seinen Ginsosinidgehalt zurückgeführt, der mit verschiedenen molekularen Zielen im Körper interagiert, um seine vorteilhaften Effekte auszuüben. Beispielsweise wurde gezeigt, dass bestimmte Ginsenoside, die in rotem Panax ginseng vorkommen, wie Ro und R(3), das Enzym 5-alpha-Reduktase hemmen. Dieses Enzym ist verantwortlich für die Umwandlung von Testosteron in Dihydrotestosteron (DHT), und durch die Hemmung dieses Enzyms kann Panax ginseng möglicherweise dazu beitragen, die Testosteronspiegel zu erhöhen.
Weitere Informationen
Verweise
Blood Lactate (Exercise) Herman J. Engels, Joesphine M. Said, John C. Wirth, Failure of chronic ginseng supplementation to affect work performance and energy metabolism in healthy adult females Nutrition Research.()
Blood Lactate (Exercise) A C Morris, I Jacobs, T M McLellan, A Klugerman, L C Wang, J Zamecnik No ergogenic effect of ginseng ingestion Int J Sport Nutr.(1996 Sep)
Blood Lactate (Exercise) H J Engels, J C Wirth No ergogenic effects of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) during graded maximal aerobic exercise J Am Diet Assoc.(1997 Oct)
Oxygen Uptake J D Allen, J McLung, A G Nelson, M Welsch Ginseng supplementation does not enhance healthy young adults\ peak aerobic exercise performance J Am Coll Nutr.(1998 Oct)
Oxygen Uptake Pipat, Cherdungsi., Kanyarat, Rungroeng Effects of Standardized Ginseng Extract and Exercise Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Capacities in Humans Journal of Ginseng Research.()
Waist Hip Ratio E. Azizi, F. Moradi The effect of ginseng supplementation on anabolic index, muscle strength, body composition, and testosterone and cortisol response to acute resistance exercise in male bodybuilders Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences.()
Weight Angelheart J.M. Rattu The effect of ginseng supplementation on strength development in response to resistance exercise training Medical Journal of Indonesia.()
Exercise Recovery H J Engels, I Kolokouri, T J Cieslak 2nd, J C Wirth Effects of ginseng supplementation on supramaximal exercise performance and short term recovery J Strength Cond Res.(2001 Aug)
Lactate Dehydrogenase Gislaine Cristina Souza, Ana C Santos Mariano, Adriano E Lima Silva, Poliana L Costa, Pablo R Domingos, Sandro F Silva, Wilson C Abreu, Fernando R De Oliveira, Raul Osiecki Panax ginseng Supplementation Increases Muscle Recruitment, Attenuates Perceived Effort, and Accelerates Muscle Force Recovery After an Eccentric Based Exercise in Athletes J Strength Cond Res.(2020 Apr 29)
Immunoglobulin A Hermann J Engels, Mariane M Fahlman, John C Wirth Effects of ginseng on secretory IgA, performance, and recovery from interval exercise Med Sci Sports Exerc.(2003 Apr)
Cognition Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained \mentally demanding\ tasks J Psychopharmacol.(2006 Nov)
Cognition Andrew B Scholey, David O Kennedy Acute, dose dependent cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng and their combination in healthy young volunteers: differential interactions with cognitive demand Hum Psychopharmacol.(2002 Jan)
Cognition Jae Hyeok Heo, Soon Tae Lee, Min Jung Oh, Hyun Jung Park, Ji Young Shim, Kon Chu, Manho Kim Improvement of cognitive deficit in Alzheimer\s disease patients by long term treatment with korean red ginseng J Ginseng Res.(2011 Nov)
Cognition Hye Bin Yeo, Ho Kyoung Yoon, Heon Jeong Lee, Seung Gul Kang, Ki Young Jung, Leen Kim Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cognitive and Motor Function: A Double blind, Randomized, Placebo controlled Trial J Ginseng Res.(2012 Apr)
Cognition Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DO Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults Hum Psychopharmacol.(2010 Aug)
Cognition Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity J Psychopharmacol.(2005 Jul)
Cognition Soon Tae Lee, Kon Chu, Ji Young Sim, Jae Hyeok Heo, Manho Kim Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord.(Jul Sep 2008)
Cognition Eun Namgung, Jungyoon Kim, Hyeonseok Jeong, Gahae Hong, Myeongju Kim, Rye Young Kim, Shinhye Kim, In Kyoon Lyoo Effects of Korean red ginseng on human gray matter volume and cognitive function: A voxel based morphometry study Hum Psychopharmacol.(2021 Mar)
Cognition Derek Ong Lai Teik, Xiao Shiang Lee, Chu Jian Lim, Chia Mei Low, Mariyam Muslima, Luca Aquili Ginseng and Ginkgo Biloba Effects on Cognition as Modulated by Cardiovascular Reactivity: A Randomised Trial PLoS One.(2016 Mar 3)
Processing Speed L D\Angelo, R Grimaldi, M Caravaggi, M Marcoli, E Perucca, S Lecchini, G M Frigo, A Crema A double blind, placebo controlled clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers J Ethnopharmacol.(Apr May 1986)
Cognitive Decline Heo JH, Lee ST, Chu K, Oh MJ, Park HJ, Shim JY, Kim M An open label trial of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer\s disease Eur J Neurol.(2008 Aug)
Motor Control Henrik Sorensen, Jesper Sonnne A double masked study of the effects of ginseng on cognitive functions Current Therapeutic Research.()
Reaction Time D O Kennedy, C F Haskell, K A Wesnes, A B Scholey Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng Pharmacol Biochem Behav.(2004 Nov)
Reaction Time Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA Modulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adults Physiol Behav.(2002 Apr 15)
Attention Pierre Antoine Mariage, Areg Hovhannisyan, Alexander G Panossian Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Crossover Trial Pharmaceuticals (Basel).(2020 Mar 29)
Fatigue Symptoms Meegun Hong, Yoon Hyeong Lee, Seungwoo Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Chang Seok Bang, Jai Hoon Yoon, Gwang Ho Baik, Dong Joon Kim Anti inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Ginseng Res.(2016 Jul)
Insulin Park SH, Chung S, Chung MY, Choi HK, Hwang JT, Park JH Effects of Panax ginseng on hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta analysis. J Ginseng Res.(2022 Mar)
Insulin Reay JL, Scholey AB, Milne A, Fenwick J, Kennedy DO Panax ginseng has no effect on indices of glucose regulation following acute or chronic ingestion in healthy volunteers Br J Nutr.(2009 Jun)
Insulin Kim S, Shin BC, Lee MS, Lee H, Ernst E Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chin J Integr Med.(2011 Dec)
Anti Oxidant Enzyme Profile Kim HG, Yoo SR, Park HJ, Lee NH, Shin JW, Sathyanath R, Cho JH Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial Food Chem Toxicol.(2011 Sep)
Anti Oxidant Enzyme Profile Kim JY, Park JY, Kang HJ, Kim OY, Lee JH Beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial Nutr J.(2012 Jul 17)
Inflammation Jung HL, Kwak HE, Kim SS, Kim YC, Lee CD, Byurn HK, Kang HY Effects of Panax ginseng supplementation on muscle damage and inflammation after uphill treadmill running in humans Am J Chin Med.(2011)
Blood glucose De Souza LR, Jenkins AL, Sievenpiper JL, Jovanovski E, Rahelic D, Vuksan V Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root fractions: differential effects on postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals J Ethnopharmacol.(2011 Sep 1)
Insulin Park BJ, Lee YJ, Lee HR, Jung DH, Na HY, Kim HB, Shim JY Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cardiovascular Risks in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: a Double blind Randomized Controlled Study Korean J Fam Med.(2012 Jul)
Erections Hong B, Ji YH, Hong JH, Nam KY, Ahn TY A double blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: a preliminary report J Urol.(2002 Nov)
Erections Choi HK, Seong DH, Rha KH Clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng for erectile dysfunction Int J Impot Res.(1995 Sep)
Erections de Andrade E, de Mesquita AA, Claro Jde A, de Andrade PM, Ortiz V, Paranhos M, Srougi M Study of the efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction Asian J Androl.(2007 Mar)
Glycemic Control Reeds DN, Patterson BW, Okunade A, Holloszy JO, Polonsky KS, Klein S Ginseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve ? cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes Diabetes Care.(2011 May)
HbA1c Sotaniemi EA, Haapakoski E, Rautio A Ginseng therapy in non insulin dependent diabetic patients Diabetes Care.(1995 Oct)
Menopausal Symptoms Kim SY, Seo SK, Choi YM, Jeon YE, Lim KJ, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BS Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: a double blind randomized controlled trial Menopause.(2012 Apr)
Depression Symptoms Wiklund IK, Mattsson LA, Lindgren R, Limoni C Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine Group Int J Clin Pharmacol Res.(1999)
Libido Oh KJ, Chae MJ, Lee HS, Hong HD, Park K Effects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: placebo controlled, double blind crossover clinical study J Sex Med.(2010 Apr)
Oxygen Uptake A W Ziemba, J Chmura, H Kaciuba Uscilko, K Nazar, P Wisnik, W Gawronski Ginseng treatment improves psychomotor performance at rest and during graded exercise in young athletes Int J Sport Nutr.(1999 Dec)
Creatine Kinase Yi Ming Chen, I Lin Wang, Shu Zhou, Tsung Yu Tsai, Yen Shuo Chiu, Wan Chun Chiu Six weeks of Jilin ginseng root supplementation attenuates drop jump related muscle injury markers in healthy female college students Food Funct.(2021 Mar 1)
Blood glucose Rhee MY, Kim YS, Bae JH, Nah DY, Kim YK, Lee MM, Kim HY Effect of Korean red ginseng on arterial stiffness in subjects with hypertension J Altern Complement Med.(2011 Jan)
Alzheimer\s Disease Symptoms Jae Hyeok Heo, Soon Tae Lee, Kon Chu, Min Jung Oh, Hyun Jung Park, Ji Young Shim, Manho Kim Heat processed ginseng enhances the cognitive function in patients with moderately severe Alzheimer\s disease Nutr Neurosci.(2012 Nov)
Alzheimer\s Disease Symptoms Lee, Soon Tae., Chu, Kon., Kim, Jeong Min., Park, Hyun Jeong., Kim, Man Ho Cognitive improvement by ginseng in Alzheimer\s disease Journal of Ginseng Research.()
Overall Cancer Risk Yun TK, Choi SY Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case control study on 1987 pairs Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.(1995 Jun)
Overall Cancer Risk Taik Koo Yun, Shu Zheng, Soo Yong Choi, Shan Rong Cai, Yun Sil Lee, Xi Yong Liu, Kyung Ja Cho, Kun Young Park Non organ specific preventive effect of long term administration of Korean red ginseng extract on incidence of human cancers J Med Food.(2010 Jun)
Erections Kim TH, Jeon SH, Hahn EJ, Paek KY, Park JK, Youn NY, Lee HL Effects of tissue cultured mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) extract on male patients with erectile dysfunction Asian J Androl.(2009 May)
Blood glucose Ping FW, Keong CC, Bandyopadhyay A Effects of acute supplementation of Panax ginseng on endurance running in a hot & humid environment Indian J Med Res.(2011 Jan)
Testosterone Salvati G, Genovesi G, Marcellini L, Paolini P, De Nuccio I, Pepe M, Re M Effects of Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer saponins on male fertility Panminerva Med.(1996 Dec)
Serum DHEA Hae Jin Ko, Inbo Kim, Jong Bae Kim, Yong Moon, Min Cheol Whang, Keun Mi Lee, Seung Pil Jung Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on behavior in children with symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol.(2014 Nov)
Blood Flow Jovanovski E, Jenkins A, Dias AG, Peeva V, Sievenpiper J, Arnason JT, Rahelic D, Josse RG, Vuksan V Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) and its isolated ginsenosides and polysaccharides on arterial stiffness in healthy individuals Am J Hypertens.(2010 May)
Blood Flow Ahn CM, Hong SJ, Choi SC, Park JH, Kim JS, Lim DS Red ginseng extract improves coronary flow reserve and increases absolute numbers of various circulating angiogenic cells in patients with first ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction Phytother Res.(2011 Feb)
Vaccine Augmentation Scaglione F, Cattaneo G, Alessandria M, Cogo R Efficacy and safety of the standardised Ginseng extract G115 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold corrected Drugs Exp Clin Res.(1996)
Insomnia Signs and Symptoms Won Suk Sung, Ha Ra Kang, Chan Yung Jung, Seong Sik Park, Seung Ho Lee, Eun Jung Kim Efficacy of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) for middle aged and moderate level of chronic fatigue patients: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial Complement Ther Med.(2020 Jan)
Schizophrenia symptoms Eric Y H Chen, Christy L M Hui HT1001, a proprietary North American ginseng extract, improves working memory in schizophrenia: a double blind, placebo controlled study Phytother Res.(2012 Aug)
Subjective Well Being Cardinal BJ, Engels HJGinseng does not enhance psychological well being in healthy, young adults: results of a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial J Am Diet Assoc.(2001 Jun)
Subjective Well Being Ellis JM, Reddy P Effects of Panax ginseng on quality of life Ann Pharmacother.(2002 Mar)
Cognition Masoud Etemadifar, Farnaz Sayahi, Seyed Hossein Abtahi, Hamidreza Shemshaki, Gholam Ali Dorooshi, Mohammad Goodarzi, Mojtaba Akbari, Mahboobeh Fereidan Esfahani Ginseng in the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind pilot study Int J Neurosci.(2013 Jul)
Sleep Quality Kitaoka K, Uchida K, Okamoto N, Chikahisa S, Miyazaki T, Takeda E, Séi H Fermented ginseng improves the first night effect in humans Sleep.(2009 Mar)
Intermediate Term Memory Key Chung Park, Hui Jin, Renhua Zheng, Sehyun Kim, Seung Eun Lee, Bo Hyung Kim, Sung Vin Yim Cognition enhancing effect of panax ginseng in Korean volunteers with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial Transl Clin Pharmacol.(2019 Sep)
Fatigue Symptoms Namhun Lee, Suk Hoon Lee, Ho Ryong Yoo, Hwa Seung Yoo Anti Fatigue Effects of Enzyme Modified Ginseng Extract: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial J Altern Complement Med.(2016 Nov)
Fatigue Symptoms Li Zhang, Xiaoyun Chen, Yanqi Cheng, Qilong Chen, Hongsheng Tan, Dongwook Son, Dongpill Chang, Zhaoxiang Bian, Hong Fang, Hongxi Xu Safety and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng: a randomized, double blind, and placebo controlled clinical trial J Ginseng Res.(2019 Oct)
Blood Lactate (Exercise) A C Morris, I Jacobs, T M McLellan, A Klugerman, L C Wang, J Zamecnik No ergogenic effect of ginseng ingestion Int J Sport Nutr.(1996 Sep)
Blood Lactate (Exercise) H J Engels, J C Wirth No ergogenic effects of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) during graded maximal aerobic exercise J Am Diet Assoc.(1997 Oct)
Oxygen Uptake J D Allen, J McLung, A G Nelson, M Welsch Ginseng supplementation does not enhance healthy young adults\ peak aerobic exercise performance J Am Coll Nutr.(1998 Oct)
Oxygen Uptake Pipat, Cherdungsi., Kanyarat, Rungroeng Effects of Standardized Ginseng Extract and Exercise Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Capacities in Humans Journal of Ginseng Research.()
Waist Hip Ratio E. Azizi, F. Moradi The effect of ginseng supplementation on anabolic index, muscle strength, body composition, and testosterone and cortisol response to acute resistance exercise in male bodybuilders Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences.()
Weight Angelheart J.M. Rattu The effect of ginseng supplementation on strength development in response to resistance exercise training Medical Journal of Indonesia.()
Exercise Recovery H J Engels, I Kolokouri, T J Cieslak 2nd, J C Wirth Effects of ginseng supplementation on supramaximal exercise performance and short term recovery J Strength Cond Res.(2001 Aug)
Lactate Dehydrogenase Gislaine Cristina Souza, Ana C Santos Mariano, Adriano E Lima Silva, Poliana L Costa, Pablo R Domingos, Sandro F Silva, Wilson C Abreu, Fernando R De Oliveira, Raul Osiecki Panax ginseng Supplementation Increases Muscle Recruitment, Attenuates Perceived Effort, and Accelerates Muscle Force Recovery After an Eccentric Based Exercise in Athletes J Strength Cond Res.(2020 Apr 29)
Immunoglobulin A Hermann J Engels, Mariane M Fahlman, John C Wirth Effects of ginseng on secretory IgA, performance, and recovery from interval exercise Med Sci Sports Exerc.(2003 Apr)
Cognition Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained \mentally demanding\ tasks J Psychopharmacol.(2006 Nov)
Cognition Andrew B Scholey, David O Kennedy Acute, dose dependent cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng and their combination in healthy young volunteers: differential interactions with cognitive demand Hum Psychopharmacol.(2002 Jan)
Cognition Jae Hyeok Heo, Soon Tae Lee, Min Jung Oh, Hyun Jung Park, Ji Young Shim, Kon Chu, Manho Kim Improvement of cognitive deficit in Alzheimer\s disease patients by long term treatment with korean red ginseng J Ginseng Res.(2011 Nov)
Cognition Hye Bin Yeo, Ho Kyoung Yoon, Heon Jeong Lee, Seung Gul Kang, Ki Young Jung, Leen Kim Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cognitive and Motor Function: A Double blind, Randomized, Placebo controlled Trial J Ginseng Res.(2012 Apr)
Cognition Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DO Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults Hum Psychopharmacol.(2010 Aug)
Cognition Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity J Psychopharmacol.(2005 Jul)
Cognition Soon Tae Lee, Kon Chu, Ji Young Sim, Jae Hyeok Heo, Manho Kim Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord.(Jul Sep 2008)
Cognition Eun Namgung, Jungyoon Kim, Hyeonseok Jeong, Gahae Hong, Myeongju Kim, Rye Young Kim, Shinhye Kim, In Kyoon Lyoo Effects of Korean red ginseng on human gray matter volume and cognitive function: A voxel based morphometry study Hum Psychopharmacol.(2021 Mar)
Cognition Derek Ong Lai Teik, Xiao Shiang Lee, Chu Jian Lim, Chia Mei Low, Mariyam Muslima, Luca Aquili Ginseng and Ginkgo Biloba Effects on Cognition as Modulated by Cardiovascular Reactivity: A Randomised Trial PLoS One.(2016 Mar 3)
Processing Speed L D\Angelo, R Grimaldi, M Caravaggi, M Marcoli, E Perucca, S Lecchini, G M Frigo, A Crema A double blind, placebo controlled clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers J Ethnopharmacol.(Apr May 1986)
Cognitive Decline Heo JH, Lee ST, Chu K, Oh MJ, Park HJ, Shim JY, Kim M An open label trial of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer\s disease Eur J Neurol.(2008 Aug)
Motor Control Henrik Sorensen, Jesper Sonnne A double masked study of the effects of ginseng on cognitive functions Current Therapeutic Research.()
Reaction Time D O Kennedy, C F Haskell, K A Wesnes, A B Scholey Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng Pharmacol Biochem Behav.(2004 Nov)
Reaction Time Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA Modulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adults Physiol Behav.(2002 Apr 15)
Attention Pierre Antoine Mariage, Areg Hovhannisyan, Alexander G Panossian Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Crossover Trial Pharmaceuticals (Basel).(2020 Mar 29)
Fatigue Symptoms Meegun Hong, Yoon Hyeong Lee, Seungwoo Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Chang Seok Bang, Jai Hoon Yoon, Gwang Ho Baik, Dong Joon Kim Anti inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Ginseng Res.(2016 Jul)
Insulin Park SH, Chung S, Chung MY, Choi HK, Hwang JT, Park JH Effects of Panax ginseng on hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta analysis. J Ginseng Res.(2022 Mar)
Insulin Reay JL, Scholey AB, Milne A, Fenwick J, Kennedy DO Panax ginseng has no effect on indices of glucose regulation following acute or chronic ingestion in healthy volunteers Br J Nutr.(2009 Jun)
Insulin Kim S, Shin BC, Lee MS, Lee H, Ernst E Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chin J Integr Med.(2011 Dec)
Anti Oxidant Enzyme Profile Kim HG, Yoo SR, Park HJ, Lee NH, Shin JW, Sathyanath R, Cho JH Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial Food Chem Toxicol.(2011 Sep)
Anti Oxidant Enzyme Profile Kim JY, Park JY, Kang HJ, Kim OY, Lee JH Beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial Nutr J.(2012 Jul 17)
Inflammation Jung HL, Kwak HE, Kim SS, Kim YC, Lee CD, Byurn HK, Kang HY Effects of Panax ginseng supplementation on muscle damage and inflammation after uphill treadmill running in humans Am J Chin Med.(2011)
Blood glucose De Souza LR, Jenkins AL, Sievenpiper JL, Jovanovski E, Rahelic D, Vuksan V Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root fractions: differential effects on postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals J Ethnopharmacol.(2011 Sep 1)
Insulin Park BJ, Lee YJ, Lee HR, Jung DH, Na HY, Kim HB, Shim JY Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cardiovascular Risks in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: a Double blind Randomized Controlled Study Korean J Fam Med.(2012 Jul)
Erections Hong B, Ji YH, Hong JH, Nam KY, Ahn TY A double blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: a preliminary report J Urol.(2002 Nov)
Erections Choi HK, Seong DH, Rha KH Clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng for erectile dysfunction Int J Impot Res.(1995 Sep)
Erections de Andrade E, de Mesquita AA, Claro Jde A, de Andrade PM, Ortiz V, Paranhos M, Srougi M Study of the efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction Asian J Androl.(2007 Mar)
Glycemic Control Reeds DN, Patterson BW, Okunade A, Holloszy JO, Polonsky KS, Klein S Ginseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve ? cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes Diabetes Care.(2011 May)
HbA1c Sotaniemi EA, Haapakoski E, Rautio A Ginseng therapy in non insulin dependent diabetic patients Diabetes Care.(1995 Oct)
Menopausal Symptoms Kim SY, Seo SK, Choi YM, Jeon YE, Lim KJ, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BS Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: a double blind randomized controlled trial Menopause.(2012 Apr)
Depression Symptoms Wiklund IK, Mattsson LA, Lindgren R, Limoni C Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine Group Int J Clin Pharmacol Res.(1999)
Libido Oh KJ, Chae MJ, Lee HS, Hong HD, Park K Effects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: placebo controlled, double blind crossover clinical study J Sex Med.(2010 Apr)
Oxygen Uptake A W Ziemba, J Chmura, H Kaciuba Uscilko, K Nazar, P Wisnik, W Gawronski Ginseng treatment improves psychomotor performance at rest and during graded exercise in young athletes Int J Sport Nutr.(1999 Dec)
Creatine Kinase Yi Ming Chen, I Lin Wang, Shu Zhou, Tsung Yu Tsai, Yen Shuo Chiu, Wan Chun Chiu Six weeks of Jilin ginseng root supplementation attenuates drop jump related muscle injury markers in healthy female college students Food Funct.(2021 Mar 1)
Blood glucose Rhee MY, Kim YS, Bae JH, Nah DY, Kim YK, Lee MM, Kim HY Effect of Korean red ginseng on arterial stiffness in subjects with hypertension J Altern Complement Med.(2011 Jan)
Alzheimer\s Disease Symptoms Jae Hyeok Heo, Soon Tae Lee, Kon Chu, Min Jung Oh, Hyun Jung Park, Ji Young Shim, Manho Kim Heat processed ginseng enhances the cognitive function in patients with moderately severe Alzheimer\s disease Nutr Neurosci.(2012 Nov)
Alzheimer\s Disease Symptoms Lee, Soon Tae., Chu, Kon., Kim, Jeong Min., Park, Hyun Jeong., Kim, Man Ho Cognitive improvement by ginseng in Alzheimer\s disease Journal of Ginseng Research.()
Overall Cancer Risk Yun TK, Choi SY Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case control study on 1987 pairs Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.(1995 Jun)
Overall Cancer Risk Taik Koo Yun, Shu Zheng, Soo Yong Choi, Shan Rong Cai, Yun Sil Lee, Xi Yong Liu, Kyung Ja Cho, Kun Young Park Non organ specific preventive effect of long term administration of Korean red ginseng extract on incidence of human cancers J Med Food.(2010 Jun)
Erections Kim TH, Jeon SH, Hahn EJ, Paek KY, Park JK, Youn NY, Lee HL Effects of tissue cultured mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) extract on male patients with erectile dysfunction Asian J Androl.(2009 May)
Blood glucose Ping FW, Keong CC, Bandyopadhyay A Effects of acute supplementation of Panax ginseng on endurance running in a hot & humid environment Indian J Med Res.(2011 Jan)
Testosterone Salvati G, Genovesi G, Marcellini L, Paolini P, De Nuccio I, Pepe M, Re M Effects of Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer saponins on male fertility Panminerva Med.(1996 Dec)
Serum DHEA Hae Jin Ko, Inbo Kim, Jong Bae Kim, Yong Moon, Min Cheol Whang, Keun Mi Lee, Seung Pil Jung Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on behavior in children with symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol.(2014 Nov)
Blood Flow Jovanovski E, Jenkins A, Dias AG, Peeva V, Sievenpiper J, Arnason JT, Rahelic D, Josse RG, Vuksan V Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) and its isolated ginsenosides and polysaccharides on arterial stiffness in healthy individuals Am J Hypertens.(2010 May)
Blood Flow Ahn CM, Hong SJ, Choi SC, Park JH, Kim JS, Lim DS Red ginseng extract improves coronary flow reserve and increases absolute numbers of various circulating angiogenic cells in patients with first ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction Phytother Res.(2011 Feb)
Vaccine Augmentation Scaglione F, Cattaneo G, Alessandria M, Cogo R Efficacy and safety of the standardised Ginseng extract G115 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold corrected Drugs Exp Clin Res.(1996)
Insomnia Signs and Symptoms Won Suk Sung, Ha Ra Kang, Chan Yung Jung, Seong Sik Park, Seung Ho Lee, Eun Jung Kim Efficacy of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) for middle aged and moderate level of chronic fatigue patients: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial Complement Ther Med.(2020 Jan)
Schizophrenia symptoms Eric Y H Chen, Christy L M Hui HT1001, a proprietary North American ginseng extract, improves working memory in schizophrenia: a double blind, placebo controlled study Phytother Res.(2012 Aug)
Subjective Well Being Cardinal BJ, Engels HJGinseng does not enhance psychological well being in healthy, young adults: results of a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial J Am Diet Assoc.(2001 Jun)
Subjective Well Being Ellis JM, Reddy P Effects of Panax ginseng on quality of life Ann Pharmacother.(2002 Mar)
Cognition Masoud Etemadifar, Farnaz Sayahi, Seyed Hossein Abtahi, Hamidreza Shemshaki, Gholam Ali Dorooshi, Mohammad Goodarzi, Mojtaba Akbari, Mahboobeh Fereidan Esfahani Ginseng in the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind pilot study Int J Neurosci.(2013 Jul)
Sleep Quality Kitaoka K, Uchida K, Okamoto N, Chikahisa S, Miyazaki T, Takeda E, Séi H Fermented ginseng improves the first night effect in humans Sleep.(2009 Mar)
Intermediate Term Memory Key Chung Park, Hui Jin, Renhua Zheng, Sehyun Kim, Seung Eun Lee, Bo Hyung Kim, Sung Vin Yim Cognition enhancing effect of panax ginseng in Korean volunteers with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial Transl Clin Pharmacol.(2019 Sep)
Fatigue Symptoms Namhun Lee, Suk Hoon Lee, Ho Ryong Yoo, Hwa Seung Yoo Anti Fatigue Effects of Enzyme Modified Ginseng Extract: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial J Altern Complement Med.(2016 Nov)
Fatigue Symptoms Li Zhang, Xiaoyun Chen, Yanqi Cheng, Qilong Chen, Hongsheng Tan, Dongwook Son, Dongpill Chang, Zhaoxiang Bian, Hong Fang, Hongxi Xu Safety and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng: a randomized, double blind, and placebo controlled clinical trial J Ginseng Res.(2019 Oct)