Whey-Protein
Whey-Protein ist eines der beiden hochwertigen Proteine, die aus Kuhmilch gewonnen werden (Casein ist das andere). Seine hohe Verdaulichkeit, schnelle Absorption und gut erforschten Vorteile für Muskelaufbau und kardiometabolische Gesundheit machen es zu einem beliebten Proteinergänzungsmittel unter Athleten und älteren Erwachsenen.
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Letztes Update:28. November 2025
Übersicht
Überblick
Was ist Whey-Protein?
Whey-Protein ist eine Sammlung von Proteinen, die in Molke vorkommen, einem Nebenprodukt der Käseherstellung. Wenn ein Gerinnungsmittel (normalerweise Lab) zu Milch hinzugefügt wird, trennen sich die festen Bestandteile (Casein) und die Molke; Whey-Protein ist der wasserlösliche Teil der Milch. Whey-Protein wird oft als Ergänzung in Form von Trockenpulvern konsumiert, die verschiedene Verarbeitungsstufen aufweisen, die beeinflussen, wie konzentriert eine Proteinquelle sie ist und wie schnell sie absorbiert wird. Es gibt drei Haupttypen von Whey-Protein: Whey-Konzentrat, Whey-Isolat und Whey-Hydrolysat.
Was sind die Vorteile von Whey-Protein?
Hauptvorteile: Whey wird als hochwertige, gut absorbierte Proteinquelle angesehen, die Vorteile bietet, die denen einer allgemeinen Erhöhung der Proteinzufuhr ähnlich sind, wie zum Beispiel die Förderung des Muskelaufbaus in Verbindung mit Krafttraining, die Begrenzung des Muskelverlusts während kalorienarmer Diäten/Alterungsprozessen und die moderaten Einschränkungen der Fettzunahme während Phasen übermäßiger Kalorienaufnahme (z. B. „Bulking“). Whey enthält hohe Mengen der Aminosäure Leucin, die die am stärksten proteogene (fä-hig zur Erhöhung der Muskelproteinsynthese oder MPS) Aminosäure ist. Daher könnte Whey potenter sein, um die MPS zu stimulieren als andere Proteinarten.\[1\] Darüber hinaus könnte die Ergänzung mit Whey?druck\,[2\] die Endothelfunktion\,[3\] und scheint mehrere glykämische und lipidbezogene Biomarker bei Erwachsenen mit Typ-2-Diabetes und anderen Stoffwechselerkrankungen zu verbessern.\[4\]\[5\]\[6\]
Was sind die Nachteile von Whey-Protein?
Hauptermängel: Einige Personen können nach dem Konsum von Whey-Protein Verdauungsbeschwerden, Blähungen, Gas oder Durchfall erfahren, was jedoch von der Dosis und der individuellen Toleranz abhängt. Whey-Protein-Konzentrat enthält den Milchzucker Laktose, sodass Personen mit Laktoseintoleranz diese Form von Whey-Protein besser meiden sollten zugunsten von Isolat/Hydrolysat (die kein Fett enthalten und sehr wenig Laktose, was diese Formen von Whey-Protein für alle, bis auf die empfindlichsten Laktose-Intoleranten, verträglich macht).
Whey (und Protein im Allgemeinen) schädigt nicht die Leber oder Nieren, aber eiweißreiche Diäten können bestehende Schäden verschärfen oder beschleunigen. Personen mit geschädigten Leber- oder Nierenfunktionen sollten vorsichtig sein, wenn sie die Eiweißzufuhr ohne Anleitung eines Arztes schnell erhöhen. Siehe mehr dazu: Kann es schlecht für Sie sein, zu viel Protein zu essen?
Darüber hinaus fand ein Bericht aus 2018 über Eiweißpulver, dass von 134 getesteten Produkten über 70 % nachweisbare Mengen an Blei und Cadmium aufwiesen. Es wurden jedoch keine Daten speziell zu Whey-Protein-Pulvern berichtet, und es sollte angemerkt werden, dass „nachweisbar“ nicht unbedingt schädlich bedeutet.
Wie funktioniert Whey-Protein?
Wie funktioniert das?.. : Molkenprotein scheint die Koagulation im Magen zu widerstehen und schnell in den Darm zu gelangen (zumindest im Vergleich zu Kasein und anderen Proteinen). Leucinspitzen im Blut treten ungefähr 40–60 Minuten nach der Einnahme von Molkenprotein auf,[1] was schneller ist als bei anderen Proteinquellen (z. B. Thunfisch, Truthahn und Ei).[2] Daher stimuliert Molke schnell die Muskelproteinsynthese (MPS).
Weitere Informationen
Verweise
Muscle Mass Kerksick CM, Rasmussen CJ, Lancaster SL, Magu B, Smith P, Melton C, Greenwood M, Almada AL, Earnest CP, Kreider RBThe effects of protein and amino acid supplementation on performance and training adaptations during ten weeks of resistance training
Muscle Mass Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Tranchina CP, Rashti SL, Kang J, Faigenbaum ADEffect of protein supplement timing on strength, power, and body composition changes in resistance trained menInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2009 Apr)
Weight Sepandi M, Samadi M, Shirvani H, Alimohamadi Y, Taghdir M, Goudarzi F, Akbarzadeh IEffect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta analysis of randomized clinical trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2022 Aug)
Muscle Mass Weisgarber KD, Candow DG, Vogt E SMWhey Protein Before and During Resistance Exercise Has No Effect on Muscle Mass and Strength in Untrained Young AdultsInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2012 Jul 4)
Muscle Mass Andersen LL, Tufekovic G, Zebis MK, Crameri RM, Verlaan G, Kjaer M, Suetta C, Magnusson P, Aagaard PThe effect of resistance training combined with timed ingestion of protein on muscle fiber size and muscle strengthMetabolism.(2005 Feb)
Weight Vatani DS, Golzar FAChanges in antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors of overweight young men after six weeks supplementation of whey protein isolate and resistance trainingAppetite.(2012 Aug 10)
Insulin Reitelseder S, Agergaard J, Doessing S, Helmark IC, Lund P, Kristensen NB, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Schjerling P, van Hall G, Kjaer M, Holm LWhey and casein labeled with L 1 13Cleucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestionAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.(2011 Jan)
Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) Tipton KD, Elliott TA, Cree MG, Wolf SE, Sanford AP, Wolfe RRIngestion of casein and whey proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exerciseMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2004 Dec)
Muscle Mass Naclerio F, Larumbe Zabala EEffects of Whey Protein Alone or as Part of a Multi ingredient Formulation on Strength, Fat Free Mass, or Lean Body Mass in Resistance Trained Individuals: A Meta analysis.Sports Med.(2016 Jan)
Weight Lam FC, Bukhsh A, Rehman H, Waqas MK, Shahid N, Khaliel AM, Elhanish A, Karoud M, Telb A, Khan TMEfficacy and Safety of Whey Protein Supplements on Vital Sign and Physical Performance Among Athletes: A Network Meta Analysis.Front Pharmacol.(2019 Apr 24)
Bone Mineral Density Zhu K, Meng X, Kerr DA, Devine A, Solah V, Binns CW, Prince RLThe effects of a two year randomized, controlled trial of whey protein supplementation on bone structure, IGF 1, and urinary calcium excretion in older postmenopausal womenJ Bone Miner Res.(2011 Sep)
Blood glucose Bortolotti M, Maiolo E, Corazza M, Van Dijke E, Schneiter P, Boss A, Carrel G, Giusti V, Lê KA, Quo Chong DG, Buehler T, Kreis R, Boesch C, Tappy LEffects of a whey protein supplementation on intrahepatocellular lipids in obese female patientsClin Nutr.(2011 Aug)
Insulin Baer DJ, Stote KS, Paul DR, Harris GK, Rumpler WV, Clevidence BAWhey protein but not soy protein supplementation alters body weight and composition in free living overweight and obese adultsJ Nutr.(2011 Aug)
Insulin Pal S, Ellis V, Dhaliwal SEffects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individualsBr J Nutr.(2010 Sep)
Weight Frestedt JL, Zenk JL, Kuskowski MA, Ward LS, Bastian EDA whey protein supplement increases fat loss and spares lean muscle in obese subjects: a randomized human clinical studyNutr Metab (Lond).(2008 Mar 27)
Appetite J Lorenzen, R Frederiksen, C Hoppe, R Hvid, A AstrupThe effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet induced thermogenesisEur J Clin Nutr.(2012 May)
Inflammation Pal S, Ellis VAcute effects of whey protein isolate on blood pressure, vascular function and inflammatory markers in overweight postmenopausal womenBr J Nutr.(2011 May)
Blood Pressure Vajdi M, Musazadeh V, Zareei M, Adeli S, Karimi A, Hojjati A, Darzi M, Shoorei H, Abbasalizad Farhangi MThe effects of whey protein on blood pressure: A systematic review and dose response meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2023 Sep)
C Reactive Protein (CRP) Zhou LM, Xu JY, Rao CP, Han S, Wan Z, Qin LQEffect of whey supplementation on circulating C reactive protein: a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrients.(2015 Feb 09)
Interleukin 6 Jamshidi S, Mohsenpour MA, Masoumi SJ, Fatahi S, Nasimi N, Zahabi ES, Pourrajab B, Shidfar FEffect of whey protein consumption on IL 6 and TNF ?: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Diabetes Metab Syndr.(2022 Jan)
Endothelial Function Hajizadeh Sharafabad F, Sharifi Zahabi E, Tarighat Esfanjani ARole of whey protein in vascular function: a systematic review and meta analysis of human intervention studies.Br J Nutr.(2022 Aug 28)
Weight Chitapanarux T, Tienboon P, Pojchamarnwiputh S, Leelarungrayub DOpen labeled pilot study of cysteine rich whey protein isolate supplementation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patientsJ Gastroenterol Hepatol.(2009 Jun)
High density lipoprotein (HDL) Amirani E, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mirzaei H, Mansournia MA, Asemi ZEffects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Lipids Health Dis.(2020 Sep 21)
Insulin Mikael Nilsson, Jens J Holst, Inger Me BjörckMetabolic effects of amino acid mixtures and whey protein in healthy subjects: studies using glucose equivalent drinksAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Apr)
Insulin Chiang SW, Liu HW, Loh EW, Tam KW, Wang JY, Huang WL, Kuan YCWhey protein supplementation improves postprandial glycemia in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Res.(2022 Aug)
Insulin Smedegaard S, Kampmann U, Ovesen PG, Støvring H, Rittig NWhey Protein Premeal Lowers Postprandial Glucose Concentrations in Adults Compared with Water The Effect of Timing, Dose, and Metabolic Status: a Systematic Review and Meta analysis.Am J Clin Nutr.(2023 Aug)
C Reactive Protein (CRP) Konstantinos Prokopidis, Mohsen Mazidi, Rajiv Sankaranarayanan, Behnam Tajik, Anne McArdle, Masoud IsanejadEffects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta analysisBr J Nutr.(2023 Mar 14)
High density lipoprotein (HDL) Zhou S, Cheng F, He J, Xu T, Zhang X, Wan S, Qi J, He J, Chen F, Luo J, Luo Y, An PEffects of high quality protein supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr.(2024 Aug)
Insulin Anders H Frid, Mikael Nilsson, Jens Juul Holst, Inger M E BjörckEffect of whey on blood glucose and insulin responses to composite breakfast and lunch meals in type 2 diabetic subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(2005 Jul)
Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) Pennings B, Groen B, de Lange A, Gijsen AP, Zorenc AH, Senden JM, van Loon LJAmino acid absorption and subsequent muscle protein accretion following graded intakes of whey protein in elderly menAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.(2012 Apr)
Body Fat Mojtahedi MC, Thorpe MP, Karampinos DC, Johnson CL, Layman DK, Georgiadis JG, Evans EMThe effects of a higher protein intake during energy restriction on changes in body composition and physical function in older womenJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.(2011 Nov)
Body Fat Kuo YY, Chang HY, Huang YC, Liu CWEffect of Whey Protein Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Nutrients.(2022 Oct 10)
Intestinal Permeability Jaya Benjamin, Govind Makharia, Vineet Ahuja, K D Anand Rajan, Mani Kalaivani, Siddhartha Datta Gupta, Yogendra Kumar JoshiGlutamine and whey protein improve intestinal permeability and morphology in patients with Crohns disease: a randomized controlled trialDig Dis Sci.(2012 Apr)
Blood Pressure Badely M, Sepandi M, Samadi M, Parastouei K, Taghdir MThe effect of whey protein on the components of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese individuals; a systematic review and meta analysis.Diabetes Metab Syndr.(2019)
Appetite Mollahosseini M, Shab Bidar S, Rahimi MH, Djafarian KEffect of whey protein supplementation on long and short term appetite: A meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2017 Aug)
Strength Srinivasaraghavan N, Das N, Balakrishnan K, Rajaram SEffect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients with Cancer A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020188666).Nutr Cancer.(2021 Dec 28)
Strength Nasimi N, Sohrabi Z, Nunes EA, Sadeghi E, Jamshidi S, Gholami Z, Akbarzadeh M, Faghih S, Akhlaghi M, Phillips SMWhey Protein Supplementation with or without Vitamin D on Sarcopenia Related Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Adv Nutr.(2023 Jul)
Length of hospitalization Chitti W, Insin P, Prueksaritanond NEffect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Postoperative Outcomes After Gynecological Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.World J Oncol.(2025 Feb)
Muscle Mass Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Tranchina CP, Rashti SL, Kang J, Faigenbaum ADEffect of protein supplement timing on strength, power, and body composition changes in resistance trained menInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2009 Apr)
Weight Sepandi M, Samadi M, Shirvani H, Alimohamadi Y, Taghdir M, Goudarzi F, Akbarzadeh IEffect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta analysis of randomized clinical trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2022 Aug)
Muscle Mass Weisgarber KD, Candow DG, Vogt E SMWhey Protein Before and During Resistance Exercise Has No Effect on Muscle Mass and Strength in Untrained Young AdultsInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2012 Jul 4)
Muscle Mass Andersen LL, Tufekovic G, Zebis MK, Crameri RM, Verlaan G, Kjaer M, Suetta C, Magnusson P, Aagaard PThe effect of resistance training combined with timed ingestion of protein on muscle fiber size and muscle strengthMetabolism.(2005 Feb)
Weight Vatani DS, Golzar FAChanges in antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors of overweight young men after six weeks supplementation of whey protein isolate and resistance trainingAppetite.(2012 Aug 10)
Insulin Reitelseder S, Agergaard J, Doessing S, Helmark IC, Lund P, Kristensen NB, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Schjerling P, van Hall G, Kjaer M, Holm LWhey and casein labeled with L 1 13Cleucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestionAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.(2011 Jan)
Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) Tipton KD, Elliott TA, Cree MG, Wolf SE, Sanford AP, Wolfe RRIngestion of casein and whey proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exerciseMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2004 Dec)
Muscle Mass Naclerio F, Larumbe Zabala EEffects of Whey Protein Alone or as Part of a Multi ingredient Formulation on Strength, Fat Free Mass, or Lean Body Mass in Resistance Trained Individuals: A Meta analysis.Sports Med.(2016 Jan)
Weight Lam FC, Bukhsh A, Rehman H, Waqas MK, Shahid N, Khaliel AM, Elhanish A, Karoud M, Telb A, Khan TMEfficacy and Safety of Whey Protein Supplements on Vital Sign and Physical Performance Among Athletes: A Network Meta Analysis.Front Pharmacol.(2019 Apr 24)
Bone Mineral Density Zhu K, Meng X, Kerr DA, Devine A, Solah V, Binns CW, Prince RLThe effects of a two year randomized, controlled trial of whey protein supplementation on bone structure, IGF 1, and urinary calcium excretion in older postmenopausal womenJ Bone Miner Res.(2011 Sep)
Blood glucose Bortolotti M, Maiolo E, Corazza M, Van Dijke E, Schneiter P, Boss A, Carrel G, Giusti V, Lê KA, Quo Chong DG, Buehler T, Kreis R, Boesch C, Tappy LEffects of a whey protein supplementation on intrahepatocellular lipids in obese female patientsClin Nutr.(2011 Aug)
Insulin Baer DJ, Stote KS, Paul DR, Harris GK, Rumpler WV, Clevidence BAWhey protein but not soy protein supplementation alters body weight and composition in free living overweight and obese adultsJ Nutr.(2011 Aug)
Insulin Pal S, Ellis V, Dhaliwal SEffects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individualsBr J Nutr.(2010 Sep)
Weight Frestedt JL, Zenk JL, Kuskowski MA, Ward LS, Bastian EDA whey protein supplement increases fat loss and spares lean muscle in obese subjects: a randomized human clinical studyNutr Metab (Lond).(2008 Mar 27)
Appetite J Lorenzen, R Frederiksen, C Hoppe, R Hvid, A AstrupThe effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet induced thermogenesisEur J Clin Nutr.(2012 May)
Inflammation Pal S, Ellis VAcute effects of whey protein isolate on blood pressure, vascular function and inflammatory markers in overweight postmenopausal womenBr J Nutr.(2011 May)
Blood Pressure Vajdi M, Musazadeh V, Zareei M, Adeli S, Karimi A, Hojjati A, Darzi M, Shoorei H, Abbasalizad Farhangi MThe effects of whey protein on blood pressure: A systematic review and dose response meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2023 Sep)
C Reactive Protein (CRP) Zhou LM, Xu JY, Rao CP, Han S, Wan Z, Qin LQEffect of whey supplementation on circulating C reactive protein: a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrients.(2015 Feb 09)
Interleukin 6 Jamshidi S, Mohsenpour MA, Masoumi SJ, Fatahi S, Nasimi N, Zahabi ES, Pourrajab B, Shidfar FEffect of whey protein consumption on IL 6 and TNF ?: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Diabetes Metab Syndr.(2022 Jan)
Endothelial Function Hajizadeh Sharafabad F, Sharifi Zahabi E, Tarighat Esfanjani ARole of whey protein in vascular function: a systematic review and meta analysis of human intervention studies.Br J Nutr.(2022 Aug 28)
Weight Chitapanarux T, Tienboon P, Pojchamarnwiputh S, Leelarungrayub DOpen labeled pilot study of cysteine rich whey protein isolate supplementation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patientsJ Gastroenterol Hepatol.(2009 Jun)
High density lipoprotein (HDL) Amirani E, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mirzaei H, Mansournia MA, Asemi ZEffects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Lipids Health Dis.(2020 Sep 21)
Insulin Mikael Nilsson, Jens J Holst, Inger Me BjörckMetabolic effects of amino acid mixtures and whey protein in healthy subjects: studies using glucose equivalent drinksAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Apr)
Insulin Chiang SW, Liu HW, Loh EW, Tam KW, Wang JY, Huang WL, Kuan YCWhey protein supplementation improves postprandial glycemia in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Res.(2022 Aug)
Insulin Smedegaard S, Kampmann U, Ovesen PG, Støvring H, Rittig NWhey Protein Premeal Lowers Postprandial Glucose Concentrations in Adults Compared with Water The Effect of Timing, Dose, and Metabolic Status: a Systematic Review and Meta analysis.Am J Clin Nutr.(2023 Aug)
C Reactive Protein (CRP) Konstantinos Prokopidis, Mohsen Mazidi, Rajiv Sankaranarayanan, Behnam Tajik, Anne McArdle, Masoud IsanejadEffects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta analysisBr J Nutr.(2023 Mar 14)
High density lipoprotein (HDL) Zhou S, Cheng F, He J, Xu T, Zhang X, Wan S, Qi J, He J, Chen F, Luo J, Luo Y, An PEffects of high quality protein supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr.(2024 Aug)
Insulin Anders H Frid, Mikael Nilsson, Jens Juul Holst, Inger M E BjörckEffect of whey on blood glucose and insulin responses to composite breakfast and lunch meals in type 2 diabetic subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(2005 Jul)
Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) Pennings B, Groen B, de Lange A, Gijsen AP, Zorenc AH, Senden JM, van Loon LJAmino acid absorption and subsequent muscle protein accretion following graded intakes of whey protein in elderly menAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.(2012 Apr)
Body Fat Mojtahedi MC, Thorpe MP, Karampinos DC, Johnson CL, Layman DK, Georgiadis JG, Evans EMThe effects of a higher protein intake during energy restriction on changes in body composition and physical function in older womenJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.(2011 Nov)
Body Fat Kuo YY, Chang HY, Huang YC, Liu CWEffect of Whey Protein Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Nutrients.(2022 Oct 10)
Intestinal Permeability Jaya Benjamin, Govind Makharia, Vineet Ahuja, K D Anand Rajan, Mani Kalaivani, Siddhartha Datta Gupta, Yogendra Kumar JoshiGlutamine and whey protein improve intestinal permeability and morphology in patients with Crohns disease: a randomized controlled trialDig Dis Sci.(2012 Apr)
Blood Pressure Badely M, Sepandi M, Samadi M, Parastouei K, Taghdir MThe effect of whey protein on the components of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese individuals; a systematic review and meta analysis.Diabetes Metab Syndr.(2019)
Appetite Mollahosseini M, Shab Bidar S, Rahimi MH, Djafarian KEffect of whey protein supplementation on long and short term appetite: A meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2017 Aug)
Strength Srinivasaraghavan N, Das N, Balakrishnan K, Rajaram SEffect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients with Cancer A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020188666).Nutr Cancer.(2021 Dec 28)
Strength Nasimi N, Sohrabi Z, Nunes EA, Sadeghi E, Jamshidi S, Gholami Z, Akbarzadeh M, Faghih S, Akhlaghi M, Phillips SMWhey Protein Supplementation with or without Vitamin D on Sarcopenia Related Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Adv Nutr.(2023 Jul)
Length of hospitalization Chitti W, Insin P, Prueksaritanond NEffect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Postoperative Outcomes After Gynecological Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.World J Oncol.(2025 Feb)