Zink

Zink ist ein essentielles Mineral und hat eine Vielzahl von biologischen Funktionen, da es ein funktioneller Bestandteil von über 300 Enzymen ist, die auf Zink angewiesen sind, um chemische Reaktionen katalysieren zu können. Zink ist auch an der Struktur wichtiger Proteine beteiligt und spielt eine Rolle bei der Regulation der Genexpression. Zink wird über die Nahrung aufgenommen. Austern enthalten wesentlich mehr Zink als andere Lebensmittel, während rotes Fleisch (z. B. Rind, Schwein) und Geflügel den Großteil des Zinks in der amerikanischen Ernährung liefern. Weitere gute Zinkquellen sind Hülsenfrüchte, Nüsse und Milchprodukte. In einigen Ländern werden die Mehle, die in Cerealien verwendet werden, mit Zink angereichert.

Die potenziellen Vorteile der Supplementierung mit Zink hängen stark vom Zinkstatus des Individuums ab. Daher ist eine Supplementierung mit Zink wahrscheinlich nicht vorteilhaft, wenn die Zinkwerte bereits ausreichend sind und die Person nicht zinkdefizient ist.\ Ein Ausnahmefall könnte bei Atemwegsinfektionen und der gewöhnlichen Erkältung bestehen, bei denen gezeigt wurde, dass die Supplementierung mit Zink die Dauer der Erkrankung verkürzt.\ Bei Kindern kann Zink dazu beitragen, Pneumonie zu verhindern.\ Weitere hochwertige Studien sind jedoch erforderlich, um die Evidenz auf diesem Gebiet zu stärken.\ Die Supplementierung mit Zink hat gezeigt, dass sie depressive Symptome\ und Marker der glykämischen Kontrolle und Blutlipide verbessert, insbesondere bei Menschen mit chronischen Krankheiten.\ Die Supplementierung mit Zink kann auch bei schwerer Akne hilfreich sein, aber es sind qualitativ hochwertigere Studien erforderlich, um die derzeitige Evidenz zu stärken.\

Hauptnachteile: Kurzfristig kann der Konsum von Zink über dem empfohlenen oberen Limit (40 mg/Tag) gastrointestinalen Symptomen führen (z. B. Bauchschmerzen, Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Durchfall). Langfristig wurde eine übermäßige Zinkaufnahme mit Kupfermangel und Eisenmangel sowie mit einer Unterdrückung des Immunsystems in Verbindung gebracht. Außerdem wurde berichtet, dass die Anwendung von intranasalem Zink bei einigen Menschen zu einem Verlust des Geruchssinns führt.

Die potenziellen Vorteile von Zinkpräparaten scheinen zumindest teilweise auf die entzündungshemmenden und antioxidativen Eigenschaften von Zink zurückzuführen zu sein.\[1\]\[2\]\[3\]\[4\] Eine angemessene Zinkzufuhr über die Ernährung ist entscheidend für das richtige Wachstum und die Entwicklung während der Schwangerschaft sowie im Säuglings-, Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter.\[1\]\[5\] Darüber hinaus ist Zink erforderlich für die normale Entwicklung, Aktivität und Funktion sowohl der angeborenen als auch der adaptiven Immunzellen;\[6\]\[7\] für die ordnungsgemäße Funktion der insulinproduzierenden Betazellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse sowie die Glukoseaufnahme;\[8\] und für die Spermatogenese und die normale Spermabiologie (z. B. Spermienmotilität).\[9\] Im Gehirn hemmen Zinkionen die N-Methyl-D-Aspartat (NMDA)-Rezeptoren,\[10\] was für Depressionen von Bedeutung ist, da dieser Zustand durch eine erhöhte glutamaterge Neurotransmission gekennzeichnet ist (an der die NMDA-Rezeptoren beteiligt sind).\[11\] Zink könnte auch Depressionen zugutekommen, indem es die Konzentrationen des neurotrophen Faktors im Gehirn erhöht.\[12\]\[13\]

PMS Symptoms Haider S, Sajjad M, Zahid MA systematic review and meta analysis examining the role of zinc supplementation in ameliorating physical and psychological manifestations of premenstrual syndrome in young females.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.(2025 May 22)
PMS Symptoms Jafari F, Amani R, Tarrahi MJEffect of Zinc Supplementation on Physical and Psychological Symptoms, Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Young Women with Premenstrual Syndrome: a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled TrialBiol Trace Elem Res.(2019 Jun 2)
PMS Symptoms Siahbazi S, Behboudi Gandevani S, Moghaddam Banaem L, Montazeri AEffect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trialJ Obstet Gynaecol Res.(2017 May)
Apolipoprotein A Kelishadi R, Hashemipour M, Adeli K, Tavakoli N, Movahedian Attar A, Shapouri J, Poursafa P, Rouzbahani AEffect of zinc supplementation on markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation among prepubescent children with metabolic syndromeMetab Syndr Relat Disord.(2010 Dec)
Cell Adhesion Factors Bao B, Prasad AS, Beck FW, Fitzgerald JT, Snell D, Bao GW, Singh T, Cardozo LJZinc decreases C reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agentAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Jun)
Iron Absorption Olivares M, Pizarro F, Ruz MNew insights about iron bioavailability inhibition by zincNutrition.(2007 Apr)
Testosterone Kilic MEffect of fatiguing bicycle exercise on thyroid hormone and testosterone levels in sedentary males supplemented with oral zincNeuro Endocrinol Lett.(2007 Oct)
Rosacea Symptoms Bamford JT, Gessert CE, Haller IV, Kruger K, Johnson BPRandomized, double blind trial of 220 mg zinc sulfate twice daily in the treatment of rosaceaInt J Dermatol.(2012 Apr)
Rosacea Symptoms Sharquie KE, Najim RA, Al Salman HNOral zinc sulfate in the treatment of rosacea: a double blind, placebo controlled studyInt J Dermatol.(2006 Jul)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Al Nakib W, Higgins PG, Barrow I, Batstone G, Tyrrell DAProphylaxis and treatment of rhinovirus colds with zinc gluconate lozengesJ Antimicrob Chemother.(1987 Dec)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Petrus E, Lawson K, Bucci L, Blum KRandomized, double masked, placebo controlled clinical study of the effectiveness of zinc acetate lozenges on common cold symptoms in allergy tested subjectsCurr Ther Res.()
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Farr BM, Conner EM, Betts RF, Oleske J, Minnefor A, Gwaltney JM JrTwo randomized controlled trials of zinc gluconate lozenge therapy of experimentally induced rhinovirus coldsAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1987 Aug)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Godfrey JC, Conant Sloane B, Smith DS, Turco JH, Mercer N, Godfrey NJZinc gluconate and the common cold: a controlled clinical studyJ Int Med Res.(1992 Jun)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Prasad AS, Beck FW, Bao B, Snell D, Fitzgerald JTDuration and severity of symptoms and levels of plasma interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, and adhesion molecules in patients with common cold treated with zinc acetateJ Infect Dis.(2008 Mar 15)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Hemilä H, Haukka J, Alho M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki MZinc acetate lozenges for the treatment of the common cold: a randomised controlled trialBMJ Open.(2020 Jan 23)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Mossad SB, Macknin ML, Medendorp SV, Mason PZinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled studyAnn Intern Med.(1996 Jul 15)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Turner RB, Cetnarowski WEEffect of treatment with zinc gluconate or zinc acetate on experimental and natural coldsClin Infect Dis.(2000 Nov)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WWReduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double blind studyAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1984 Jan)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Weismann K, Jakobsen JP, Weismann JE, Hammer UM, Nyholm SM, Hansen B, Lomholt KE, Schmidt KZinc gluconate lozenges for common cold. A double blind clinical trialDan Med Bull.(1990 Jun)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Prasad AS, Fitzgerald JT, Bao B, Beck FW, Chandrasekar PHDuration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trialAnn Intern Med.(2000 Aug 15)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Risk Prasad AS, Beck FW, Bao B, Fitzgerald JT, Snell DC, Steinberg JD, Cardozo LJZinc supplementation decreases incidence of infections in the elderly: effect of zinc on generation of cytokines and oxidative stressAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Mar)
Mucositis Symptoms Ertekin MV, Koç M, Karslioglu I, Sezen OZinc sulfate in the prevention of radiation induced oropharyngeal mucositis: a prospective, placebo controlled, randomized studyInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.(2004 Jan 1)
IGF 1 Rodondi A, Ammann P, Ghilardi Beuret S, Rizzoli RZinc increases the effects of essential amino acids whey protein supplements in frail elderlyJ Nutr Health Aging.(2009 Jun)
Serum BDNF Ranjbar E, Shams J, Sabetkasaei M, M Shirazi M, Rashidkhani B, Mostafavi A, Bornak E, Nasrollahzadeh JEffects of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy, inflammatory cytokines, and brain derived neurotrophic factor in patients with major depressionNutr Neurosci.(2014 Feb)
Serum BDNF Solati Z, Jazayeri S, Tehrani Doost M, Mahmoodianfard S, Gohari MRZinc monotherapy increases serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreases depressive symptoms in overweight or obese subjects: A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trialNutr Neurosci.(2014 Jan 7)
Depression Symptoms Sawada T, Yokoi KEffect of zinc supplementation on mood states in young women: a pilot studyEur J Clin Nutr.(2010 Mar)
Depression Symptoms Siwek M, Dudek D, Paul IA, Sowa Kucma M, Zieba A, Popik P, Pilc A, Nowak GZinc supplementation augments efficacy of imipramine in treatment resistant patients: a double blind, placebo controlled studyJ Affect Disord.(2009 Nov)
Reaction Time Tupe RP, Chiplonkar SAZinc supplementation improved cognitive performance and taste acuity in Indian adolescent girlsJ Am Coll Nutr.(2009 Aug)
IGF 1 Blostein Fujii A, DiSilvestro RA, Frid D, Katz C, Malarkey WShort term zinc supplementation in women with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: effects on plasma 5\ nucleotidase activities, insulin like growth factor I concentrations, and lipoprotein oxidation rates in vitroAm J Clin Nutr.(1997 Sep)
Glycemic Control Ghaedi K, Ghasempour D, Jowshan M, Zheng M, Ghobadi S, Jafari AEffect of zinc supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes: A grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation assessed, dose response meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2023 May 15)
HbA1c Daneshvar M, Ghaheri M, Safarzadeh D, Karimi F, Adib Hajbagheri P, Ahmadzade M, Haedi AEffect of zinc supplementation on glycemic biomarkers: an umbrella of interventional meta analyses.Diabetol Metab Syndr.(2024 Jun 8)
Insulin Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Shapouri J, Sarrafzadegan N, Amini M, Tavakoli N, Movahedian Attar A, Mirmoghtadaee P, Poursafa PEffect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in prepubertal obese childrenHormones (Athens).(2009 Oct Dec)
Anti Oxidant Enzyme Profile Kara E, Gunay M, Cicioglu I, Ozal M, Kilic M, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AKEffect of zinc supplementation on antioxidant activity in young wrestlersBiol Trace Elem Res.(2010 Apr)
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Seet RC, Lee CY, Lim EC, Quek AM, Huang H, Huang SH, Looi WF, Long LH, Halliwell BOral zinc supplementation does not improve oxidative stress or vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes with normal zinc levelsAtherosclerosis.(2011 Nov)
Body Fat C S Mantzoros, A S Prasad, F W Beck, S Grabowski, J Kaplan, C Adair, G J BrewerZinc may regulate serum leptin concentrations in humansJ Am Coll Nutr.(1998 Jun)
Wart Severity Al Gurairi FT, Al Waiz M, Sharquie KEOral zinc sulphate in the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts: randomized placebo controlled clinical trialBr J Dermatol.(2002 Mar)
Wart Severity Sharquie KE, Khorsheed AA, Al Nuaimy AATopical zinc sulphate solution for treatment of viral wartsSaudi Med J.(2007 Sep)
Pneumonia Symptoms Valavi E, Hakimzadeh M, Shamsizadeh A, Aminzadeh M, Alghasi AThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trialIndian J Pediatr.(2011 Sep)
Pneumonia Symptoms Wadhwa N, Chandran A, Aneja S, Lodha R, Kabra SK, Chaturvedi MK, Sodhi J, Fitzwater SP, Chandra J, Rath B, Kainth US, Saini S, Black RE, Santosham M, Bhatnagar SEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2 24 mo of age: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2013 Jun)
Pneumonia Symptoms Chandyo RK, Shrestha PS, Valentiner Branth P, Mathisen M, Basnet S, Ulak M, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Strand TATwo weeks of zinc administration to Nepalese children with pneumonia does not reduce the incidence of pneumonia or diarrhea during the next six monthsJ Nutr.(2010 Sep)
Pneumonia Symptoms Shah GS, Dutta AK, Shah D, Mishra OPRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo controlled studyItal J Pediatr.(2012 Aug 2)
Pneumonia Symptoms Ganguly A, Chakraborty S, Datta K, Hazra A, Datta S, Chakraborty JA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months to 5 yearsIndian J Pediatr.(2011 Sep)
Pneumonia Symptoms Srinivasan MG, Ndeezi G, Mboijana CK, Kiguli S, Bimenya GS, Nankabirwa V, Tumwine JKZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double blind placebo controlled trialBMC Med.(2012 Feb 8)
Pneumonia Symptoms Valentiner Branth P, Shrestha PS, Chandyo RK, Mathisen M, Basnet S, Bhandari N, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Strand TA; Zinc Severe Pneumonia Study GroupA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young childrenPediatrics.(2012 Apr)
Cognition Aquilani R, Baiardi P, Scocchi M, Iadarola P, Verri M, Sessarego P, Boschi F, Pasini E, Pastoris O, Viglio SNormalization of zinc intake enhances neurological retrieval of patients suffering from ischemic strokesNutr Neurosci.(2009 Oct)
Tinnitus Symptoms Arda HN, Tuncel U, Akdogan O, Ozluoglu LNThe role of zinc in the treatment of tinnitusOtol Neurotol.(2003 Jan)
Testosterone Kilic M, Baltaci AK, Gunay M, Gökbel H, Okudan N, Cicioglu IThe effect of exhaustion exercise on thyroid hormones and testosterone levels of elite athletes receiving oral zincNeuro Endocrinol Lett.(2006 Feb Apr)
Acne Symptoms Dreno B, Moyse D, Alirezai M, Amblard P, Auffret N, Beylot C, Bodokh I, Chivot M, Daniel F, Humbert P, Meynadier J, Poli F; Acne Research and Study GroupMulticenter randomized comparative double blind controlled clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of zinc gluconate versus minocycline hydrochloride in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgarisDermatology.(2001)
Acne Symptoms Verma KC, Saini AS, Dhamija SKOral zinc sulphate therapy in acne vulgaris: a double blind trialActa Derm Venereol.(1980)
Acne Symptoms Dreno B, Amblard P, Agache P, Sirot S, Litoux PLow doses of zinc gluconate for inflammatory acneActa Derm Venereol.(1989)
Acne Symptoms Göransson K, Lidén S, Odsell LOral zinc in acne vulgaris: a clinical and methodological studyActa Derm Venereol.(1978)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, Collins M, Rofman BA, Ginsberg D, Goswick CB, Magner AFailure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infectionsAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1989 May)
Iron Absorption J K Friel, R E Serfass, P V Fennessey, L V Miller, W L Andrews, B S Simmons, G F Downton, P G KwaElevated intakes of zinc in infant formulas don not interfere with iron absorption in premature infantsJ Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.(1998 Sep)
Preterm Birth Risk Carducci B, Keats EC, Bhutta ZAZinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2021 Mar 16)
Infant Growth Lassi ZS, Kurji J, Oliveira CS, Moin A, Bhutta ZAZinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2020 Apr 08)
Infant Growth Belal Alshaikh, Moaaz Abo Zeed, Kamran Yusuf, Madhusudan Guin, Tanis FentonEffect of enteral zinc supplementation on growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta analysisJ Perinatol.(2021 May 18)
Cirrhosis Severity Somi MH, Rezaeifar P, Ostad Rahimi A, Moshrefi BEffects of low dose zinc supplementation on biochemical markers in non alcoholic cirrhosis: a randomized clinical trialArch Iran Med.(2012 Aug)
Mucositis Symptoms Mansouri A, Hadjibabaie M, Iravani M, Shamshiri AR, Hayatshahi A, Javadi MR, Khoee SH, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh AThe effect of zinc sulfate in the prevention of high dose chemotherapy induced mucositis: a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled studyHematol Oncol.(2012 Mar)
Psoriasis Symptoms Sadeghian G, Ziaei H, Nilforoushzadeh MATreatment of localized psoriasis with a topical formulation of zinc pyrithioneActa Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat.(2011)
Subjective Well Being Stewart Knox BJ, Rae G, Simpson EE, McConville C, OConnor J, Polito A, Andriollo Sanchez M, Coudray C, Strain JJSupplemented zinc does not alter mood in healthy older European adults a randomised placebo controlled trial: the Zenith studyPublic Health Nutr.(2011 May)
Testosterone Ghanbarali Raeis Jalali, Jamshid Roozbeh, Azam Mohammadzadeh, Maryam Sharifian, Mohammad Mahdi Sagheb, Alireza Hamidian Jahromi, Sanaz Shabani, Fariborz Ghaffarpasand, Raha AfsharianiImpact of oral zinc therapy on the level of sex hormones in male patients on hemodialysisRen Fail.(2010 May)
C Reactive Protein (CRP) Rashidi AA, Salehi M, Piroozmand A, Sagheb MMEffects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc and C reactive protein concentrations in hemodialysis patientsJ Ren Nutr.(2009 Nov)
ADHD Symptoms Arnold LE, Disilvestro RA, Bozzolo D, Bozzolo H, Crowl L, Fernandez S, Ramadan Y, Thompson S, Mo X, Abdel Rasoul MZinc for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: placebo controlled double blind pilot trial alone and combined with amphetamineJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol.(2011 Feb)
Mucositis Symptoms Sangthawan D, Phungrassami T, Sinkitjarurnchai WA randomized double blind, placebo controlled trial of zinc sulfate supplementation for alleviation of radiation induced oral mucositis and pharyngitis in head and neck cancer patientsJ Med Assoc Thai.(2013 Jan)
Mucositis Symptoms Arbabi kalati F, Arbabi kalati F, Deghatipour M, Ansari Moghadam AEvaluation of the efficacy of zinc sulfate in the prevention of chemotherapy induced mucositis: a double blind randomized clinical trialArch Iran Med.(2012 Jul)
OCD Symptoms Sayyah M, Olapour A, Saeedabad Ys, Yazdan Parast R, Malayeri AEvaluation of oral zinc sulfate effect on obsessive compulsive disorder: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trialNutrition.(2012 Sep)
Dysgeusia Lyckholm L, Heddinger SP, Parker G, Coyne PJ, Ramakrishnan V, Smith TJ, Henkin RIA randomized, placebo controlled trial of oral zinc for chemotherapy related taste and smell disordersJ Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother.(2012 Jun)
Dental Health Metrics Uçkardes Y, Tekçiçek M, Ozmert EN, Yurdakök KThe effect of systemic zinc supplementation on oral health in low socioeconomic level childrenTurk J Pediatr.(2009 Sep Oct)
Itching Najafabadi MM, Faghihi G, Emami A, Monghad M, Moeenzadeh F, Sharif N, Davarpanah Jazi AHZinc sulfate for relief of pruritus in patients on maintenance hemodialysisTher Apher Dial.(2012 Apr)
Dysgeusia R I Henkin, B M Martin, R P AgarwalEfficacy of exogenous oral zinc in treatment of patients with carbonic anhydrase VI deficiencyAm J Med Sci.(1999 Dec)
Iron Absorption Olivares M, Pizarro F, Ruz MZinc inhibits nonheme iron bioavailability in humansBiol Trace Elem Res.(2007 Summer)
Iron Absorption Olivares M, Wiedeman A, Bolívar L, López de Romaña D, Pizarro FEffect of increasing concentrations of zinc on the absorption of iron from iron fortified milkBiol Trace Elem Res.(2012 Dec)
Diarrhea Symptoms Lazzerini M, Wanzira HOral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2016 Dec 20)
Diarrhea Symptoms Lamberti LM, Walker CL, Chan KY, Jian WY, Black REOral zinc supplementation for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta analysis.Nutrients.(2013 Nov 21)
Diarrhea Symptoms Galvao TF, Thees MF, Pontes RF, Silva MT, Pereira MGZinc supplementation for treating diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta analysis.Rev Panam Salud Publica.(2013 May)
Diarrhea Symptoms Ali AA, Naqvi SK, Hasnain Z, Zubairi MBA, Sharif A, Salam RA, Soofi S, Ariff S, Nisar YB, Das JKZinc supplementation for acute and persistent watery diarrhoea in children: A systematic review and meta analysis.J Glob Health.(2024 Dec 6)
Seminal Motility Li X, Zeng YM, Luo YD, He J, Luo BW, Lu XC, Zhu LLEffects of folic acid and folic acid plus zinc supplements on the sperm characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of infertile men: A systematic review and meta analysis.Heliyon.(2023 Jul)